The most effected and lethal weapon with which "The British Empire" won and ruled Indian Continent was "Secret Services". The entire period from the arrival of East India Company in India till the division of India (15th August 1947) was governed by the use of secret missionaries. Before announcing any new policy the British took the help of these secret missionaries, and the information being given by these missionaries has a great value for the policy makers.

Initially these secret missionaries were Britisher but later on when they become popular in the local people due to their social work, they chose their own faithful followers from local residence to get specific information about social economic, religious, political matters. Those sub-missionaries were rewarded even for their small information. Thus after the failure of first revolt by Indian Kings in 1857, the British Empire deputed many Indian people as its full fledge agents under local officers.

Ultimately it was observed that there must be a central body to collect and inter exchange and analyze the information, so the first Information Bureau was established in 1905-6 A.D. in Bombay presidency in British Ruled India. Later on Punjab and UP (United Province) government established their own secret service departments. By 1911-12 Central Intelligence Bureau was established under Home department of Govt. of India.

It was this department (DIB) in which Dalip Singh got recruitment at Varanasi the divisional headquarter of UP Intelligence Bureau. He was awarded a code name "Allahabadi" after five years, of service in UP. According to Dalip Singh he was a son of a police constable who was killed by the revolutionaries (Reactionaries) of Hindustan Republic Association near Lucknow, while the UP police was haunting for the culprits of Kakori Rail Dacoit in 1925. During an encounter Dalip Singh's father was killed.

Dalip Singh, 20 years old at that time was offered a job in police department. Dalip Singh was matriculate at that time and had a fluent knowledge of English, Hindi, Urdu and Sanskrit. He was very intelligent and after initial training he was assigned the duty of translation of various reports of local agents and officers, from Hindi, Urdu to English. The British officer appreciated his ability and suggested him to join the secret services.

So he becomes a secret agent and his duty was to follow Nehru's family at Allahabad. Incidentally he came close to the family of Lal Bahadur Shastri (2nd Prime Minister of India) at Varanasi. His cousin sister (Daughter of maternal uncle-Mamma) was married in the same village from where the ancestor of Lal Bahadur Shastri belongs. The Shastri family gave respect to Dalip's relative.

To do the job efficiently he got a job in Anand Bhawan as a gardener with the help of Shastri's family and he remained in side Anand Bhawan for 2-3 years. The secret reports being sent by Allahabadi about Nehru's family enable British authorities to have a check on Pt. Moti La! Nehru and his son Pt. Jawaharlal Lal Nehru. When ever Nehru's were succeeding in making a pressure politically on British Government of India, the cunning English men used those secret reports to blackmail both father and son.

Before, Pandit Jawaharlal La! Nehru came to know about the reality of Dalip Singh Allahabadi, Dalip left the job of gardener and came back to Headquarter of UP intelligence Bureau at Lucknow. It was in 1928 when the infamous Simon Commission came to India and was facing the boycott protest everywhere. When Simmon came to Lucknow on November 30, Pt. Jawaharlal Lal Nehru led the protest.

When Nehru came in direct confrontation with Simmon, Dalip Singh could not control his temper and duty consciousness. He interfered directly and slapped Pandit Jawaharlal La! Nehru.

Dalip Singh confessed to his (Adopted. son) Kulwant Singh Kooner that due to the death of his father, he was deadly against all those people who were fighting against the British and he hated revolutionaries, reactionaries and Congress men equally, The Lucknow incident was the result of that hatred feeling. After that Dalip Singh did not go to Anand Bhawan but till then he got definite clues about the relation of the Hindustan Republic Association's (HRA) with Nehru's family, socialist activists of united province being led by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya and Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi the famous owner and Editor of "PARTAP" a news paper being published from Cownpur (KANPUR).

According to Dalip Singh Allahabadi, Mr. Chander Shekhar Azad frequently visited Nehru family at Allahabad. Both Pt. Moti Lal Nehru and Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya donated money generously through Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi and Pt. Chander Shekhar Azad, for the action of HRA, which was established, by Pandit Ram Parsad Bismal and Yogesh Chander Chatterji under the leadership of Sachindra Nath Sanyal in September 1923.

Mr. Ganesh Shankar Vidhyarthi was the same person who gave a job to Bhagat Singh in 1923 in his printing press, when Bhagat Singh had decided to leave his home and family forever to serve the Bharat Mata (Nation), Vidhyarthi was a close relative and a good friend of Professor Jaya Chand Vidyalankar of National College· of Lahore, who baptized Bhagat Singh for revolutionaries activities. It was Vidyalankar whose period of History thrilled Bhagat Singh and Vidyalankar became Bhagat Singh political Guru and he introduced him with revolutionaries of Aligarh, Agra and Kanpur.

It was at Kanpur, Bhagat Singh came into direct contact with Battu Keshawar Dutt who was also working in the same "PARTAP" printing press and both became friends ideologically. Dalip Singh Alahabadi who in his later life joined Arya Samaj movement of UP., in 1946 and became a saint to hide his real identity of an agent of secret service to save himself from the clutches of British police. How and why he became a saint is another story.

Dalip Singh told Kooner that he was astonished to know that the Hindustani Republic Association (HRA) was a youth wing of Arya Samaj Movement. The truth was not known to the British intelligence. All the secret reports described Arya Samaj Movement as a religious reformist movement. But the brains behind that movement were too intelligent. Arya Samaj started various schools and colleges to prepare the young Indian for the political as well as religious awakening.

Lala Lajpat Rai, Prof. Jaya Chand Vidyalankar, Bhagwati Chand Vohra, Sukhdev, Bhagat Singh, Kishan Singh (father of Bhagat Singh), Hans Raj Vohra, Yashpal, Varinder, Pt. Chander Shekhar Azad, Ram Parsad Bismal, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi and many more belonged to committed Arya Samaj families. The Hindu organization and the Arya Samaj constituted by. Hindu Maha Sabha accelerated their agitation for the protection of Hindu and the Hindu Nation. Lala Lajpat Rai and Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya also gave a call for the protection of the Hindus. Swami Shardha Nand through his reform movement tried his utmost to reconnect the Muslims into Hindu Religion, who were at one time Hindu, but had embraced Islam due to several reasons. On 9th of August 1924 Dr. Saffuedin Kitchlew of Amritsar expressed his views elaborately against the Arya Samaj and the Hindus.

When Dalip Allahabadi conferred with Pt. Jawaharlal Lal Nehru at Lucknow Railway Station on the arrival of Simmon Commission on November 30, a senior officer of IB. from Bombay province Mr. Martin Luke Robertson appreciated Dalip Singh Alahabadi's boldness and offered him the job of secret agent in the special cell of Directorate of Intelligence Bureau, New Delhi where he himself (Robertson) was going to join the duty..Dalip readily accepted that offer and shifted to New Delhi.

At New Delhi, Dalip Singh won the heart of Mr. Robertson with his intellect and ability. He was deputed as personal Assistant to Martin Luke Robertson, who was very kind-hearted and had got the instinct of writing the fiction-tale. He was a good friend of Mr. Allen Cambell Johanson, a journalist of India and Britain. The wife of Mr. ML Robertson was working in the office of Mr. Johanson, where Robertson and Johanson wrote their fictions. So he kept duplicate copies of various secret reports belonging to many British top officers and Indian congress leaders, to use them as a raw material for writing new stories and novels. Mr. Dalip Singh helped him in copying those reports; hence, he was able to get very personal and off-the-record reports easily.

The wing of the secret service, which was looked by ML Robertson, was responsible to collect the information about the British Officers secretly in order to control an officer who might become arrogant and more powerful than its seniors. To do his job Dalip remained most of the time, at the residential office of his boss.

Mr. Dalip Singh Alahabadi was a tall 6' -2" handsome with brown eyes and white complexion. He was about 27-28 years old young man. His charming personality impressed the young wife of Mr. Robertson ultimately, the Lady Robertson, Mrs. Margaret Robertson fell in love with Dalip Singh, who was unmarried at that time. He remained unmarried till his death in 1978, but never forgot his Love for Lady Margaret.

Due to that love affair Dalip Singh got in touch with the personal writings of Mr. Luke Robertson. From those writings he came to know about the hidden truth of "AMRITSAR MASSACRE-1919". All the history books are filled with details of what happened on 13th April 1919, during the celebration of BAISAKHI FESTIVAL at Jallianwala Bagh. They all told how thousand of innocent people were shot dead by the gun shot, being ordered by General Dyer. But not a single writer tried to point out; why it happened? What was the reason to show such a hatred feeling by General Dyer and Michael '0' Dwyer, the then Lt. Governor of Punjab?

In his research work on Martyr Udham Singh of Sunam, Mr. Sikander Singh Head of the Department of History, Govt. Kirti College, Nial Patran (Distt. Patiala) gave very detailed description about the proceedings of Punjab Government before the Jallianwala Bagh happening. 

The foreigners have written much more than the Indian about the massacre of Jallianwala Bagh. What were the reasons and circumstances under which the incident had taken place? The historian is working on various theories about it that of course is another story. It is hard fact that the said massacre was the result of the O' Dwyer policies and headstrongness. The Enquiry report of that very period detailed in length the circumstances leading to that massacre. The Hunter Commission Reports and Reports of Commissioners appointed by the Punjab Sub-Committee of Indian National Congress both give the evidence of the people concerned with the said incident.

The Satyagraha Sabha formed under the presidentship of Mahatma Gandhi to decide to struggle against the black bills "The Rowlett Act" and gave call to observe complete Hartal (Strike) on March 30, 1919, but the date was postponed to April 6. Amritsar city observed the 6th April 1919 in a thorough manner. The Hindus, the Sikhs and the Mohammedans belonging to all grades observed complete Hartal. On the 9th April there was a Hindu festival "Ram Naumi Divas". But that was celebrated jointly by Hindu-Sikh and Mohammedan to show their unity. English rulers could not tolerate this Unity.

The people of Amritsar showed the same unity on 30th March, when a meeting was held in favor of Mahatma Gandhi's call. In that meeting accordingly to official accounts, about 30,000 to 35,000 persons were present. Sir Michael O' Dwyer ruffled by the Hartal and the meeting at Amritsar.

Similarly on 8th April 1919, a Hindu Muslim Unity conference was held at Rewari, which was considered by the authorities to be," the most sinister development of all" Lord Irwin immediately asked Mr. AJW Kitchin, the commissioner of Lahore, for reinforcement of troops. The anti-British Unity of the three communities alarmed Sir Michael O'Dwyer. He termed the meeting as a conspiracy against the British and an attempt at waging war against the Crown. 

And so on various incidents and reasons were· put forward in all the reports of inquiries but no one knew what exactly happened which ignited a fire in the heart of Michael O'Dwyer to take such a drastic step that even his own government had to appoint Hunter Committee against him under pressure.

Before revealing the truth about that incident, it is worthwhile to look into that paragraph in which Mr. Sikander Singh smelled about that but could not get the details of that meeting. He described, "They decided to crush the National feeling amongst the Indian with' ONE CRUSHING BLOW and that it was with this object in view that they planned the great massacre at Amritsar. Michael O'Dwyer, Lt. Governor of Punjab, and other top British bureaucrats formulated the nefarious Plan in the Government House, Lahore, both belonging to Civil and Military. Lieutenant Colonel Smith was also present in the meeting. It seems that the meeting was unofficial conducted by the Michael 0 'Dwyer and the whole drama was unofficial and oral which was kept as top secret. However it fell to the lot of General Dyer to carry out the plan so that British might avenge their five British companions and teach the lesson to the Indian that revolution was a dangerous game".

Yes, according to Dalip Singh there was a nefarious plan being hatched by Michael O'Dwyer who was an Irishman? Dalip Singh narrated the whole dialogues, which were discussed in that meeting of Lahore. Michael O'Dwyer was hurt by the abuses being hurled on him and on his community the Irish, in a meeting held at New Delhi on 7th April 1919 under the chairmanship of Governor General of India Lord Chelmsford.

That meeting was organized to select "The Best governor" amongst all the Lt. Governors of various provinces under British India Rule. In that meeting Michael O'Dwyer put his case very strongly. He narrated in detail all his achievements and service being rendered by him to save the dignity of Crown.

"I have spoken so often about the war and the Punjab's share in it during the last year that I need say but little today. We started the war with 1,00,000 men in the Army in 1917. Next year we raised over 1,27,000 and a year ago the total was over a quarter of a million. Punjab's contribution in recruitment was about 60 percent. The Secretary of state admitted that many families were left without their bread winner.

After narrating the whole saga of his achievements since his appointment as Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab in December 1912, he pleaded strongly to Lord Chelmsford to reward his services. But the secretary of state for India Lord Montague who was an Englishman, snubbed him and abused him that "How a rubbish of Irish could be honored? There are many Englishmen able to get this reward of Governors".

Sir Michael Francis O'Dwyer died 1940

Accordingly to Dalip Singh, Michael O'Dwyer angrily ran towards Montague and slapped him in presence of Mr. Chelmsford. Mr. Chelmsford intervened and tried his best to pacify O'Dwyer. O'Dwyer said to the viceroy that although he is an Irish but he served the crown faithfully. But the secretary did not budge from his arguments and refused to apologise.

Although Lord Chelmsford cooled down O'Dwyer with personal request and convinced him that he would recommend his (Dwyer) name to the crown for the reward. But O'Dwyer did not forget the insult. It hurt him very much. On returning to Lahore he was very sad. He did not attend his public life.

It was mentioned in the diaries of Luke Robertson that Michael O'Dwyer was a perverted personality. He was fond of sodomy. He had kept a young man (Enoch) in Lahore whom O'Dwyer called his Anarkali. He entertained O'Dwyer with his dance and satisfied sexual lust of O'Dwyer, whenever that officer came to him? On 8th and 9th April 1919 O'Dwyer became more depressed. On one hand he could not forget his insult and on the other hand the political atmosphere of Amritsar and incidents of 6th & 9th April, worsed his condition.

Dalip Singh told that the young man dancer ANARKALI asked O'Dwyer,"What is wrong with you my darling? How could I make you happy? Tell me, "O'Dwyer told the whole story and asked Anarkali, "How could I avenge this insult?" He wanted to ruin the English EMPIRE.

Listening his master's tale of sorrow, the young Enoch replied, "If you are seriously thinking to destroy the Raj, then you have to do atrocities on innocent people of Amritsar City. That City is such a religious place, which has got the blessing of two saints, Sai Mian Meer a Muslim saint and other one Guru Arjan Dev. If any King ordered the destruction of that city, GOD would punish him, with the uprooting of his Kingdom. That city stands for the Unity and amity of two religions. So, when you would do ZULIM (atrocities) on innocents, their cries would result into curse.

On hearing this story Michael O'Dwyer immediately called upon those officers of Lahore and Amritsar who were Irish and working in civil and military positions at his residence. He decided to kill two birds with one stone. On one hand he could satisfy his master that he had taught a lesson to the Punjabi who were protesting against Rowlett Act, thus tried to over throw the Crown. Secondly his hurt feelings would get a balm.

When he narrated the episode of 7th April of New Delhi, every one present in the unofficial meeting readily accepted the master plan. General Dyer was immediately called from Jalandhar Cantonment along with his loyal soldiers and he was powered with unlimited powers under Martial Laws.

What happened after that meeting became a black chapter of history as "The Massacre of Amritsar". But that massacre gave birth to two Hero's of Independence namely; Bhagat Singh and Udham Singh, one was only 11yrs, 7 months and 15 days old while the second Udham Singh was only 19yrs, 4 months and 15 days old at that time. Udham Singh was present on the spot and saw all the happenings on Baisakhi Day while Bhagat Singh visited the Jallian Wala Bagh a few days later on 20th April 1919. He came from Lahore by train. Both reacted to the situation differently while Udham Singh took the oath of revenge from General Dyer and Lt. Governor Michael O'Dwyer and pursued them for 21 years. And Bhagat Singh worked tirelessly to achieve his goal and sacrificed his life for the freedom of Bharat Mata just 12 years after that massacre.

Both were hanged by neck but at very different places. Bhagat Singh was hanged along with his two companions Raj Guru and Sukhdev on 23rd March 1931 at 7 P.M. Monday in Central Jail Lahore and Udham Singh was hanged on 31st July 1940 in Pentonville jail London. Both Heroes were in Mianwali jail for some time where Udham Singh was undergoing a sentence of 5 years of rigorous imprisonment being awarded by ADM Amritsar on 1/10/1927 in case at city Kotwali Amritsar Vide FIR No.227 dated 30.8.1927. In the beginning he was in Multan Central Jail and then he was shifted to Mianwali Jail in early 1929. Bhagat Singh, also, was sentenced to life imprisonment for 14 years in Central Assembly Bomb Case New Delhi on 12th June 1929 by the Session Court Judge Mr. Leonard Middleton and was sent to Mianwali jail where he reached on 14th June 1929.

Due to the commencement of trial of Lahore conspiracy Case along with the Saunders Murder Case at Lahore, Bhagat Singh wrote a letter to Inspector General Jails, Punjab to shift him to Lahore jail so that he could make his defense case easily. And thus he was shifted to Central Jail Lahore on 30th June 1929. Meanwhile Bhagat Singh had started hunger strike in Mianwali Jail on 15th June itself in favor of certain demands for the political prisoners. That was calculated move of Bhagat Singh and Battu Keshawara Dutt to prove to Gandhi that the revolutionaries also knew how to go through the rigors of fasting and the torture of approaching death. They could suffer the pangs of hunger, something that the followers of non-violence visibly demonstrated.

In Mianwali jail, there were many more political prisoners including old Gadharites, Babbar Akalies, being treated as criminals by the jail authorities, so when Bhagat Singh had started hunger strike they all joined him immediately Bhagat Singh popularity went up. Udham Singh alias Ude Singh was so much impressed by the ideology of Bhagat Singh, on that occasion, he considered him his "GURU" a teacher. And when Udham Singh got the news of hanging of Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru and Sukhdev, he was shocked and he gave up his food and water and remained silent for a few days.

There was one thing more, which was common to both Bhagat Singh and Udham Singh "The Hans RAJ". As Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Murder Case and hanging by neck were common between the two, similarly two persons with same name had affected the life pattern of both. Hans Raj Vohra betrayed Bhagat Singh and his comrades and became police approver, which resulted into the execution of three young men.

According to Dalip Singh Allahabadi, it was noted in the diaries of Mr. Robertson that the Governor of Punjab took the service of another Hans Raj of Amritsar, agent of CID to collect maximum numbers of innocent people in Jallianwala Bagh on Baisakhi day in 1919 and later on he became chief approver in the Amritsar conspiracy Case.

Mr. Sikander Singh mentioned about Hans Raj as follows:

He was twenty-three years old and matriculates. He was a man of dubious character. He had been dismissed from service as a railway ticket collector in the North Western Railway. He served as a clerk in the Municipal Committee Amritsar. According to Gul-Mohammed, who appeared before the Congress sub-committee for evidence?

Udham Singh

Hans Raj was a man of loose character who Jived on the earning of his mother and sister. On 12th April, he held a meeting at the Hindu Sabha High School, Dhab Khatikan in the walled city of Amritsar and he announced that another meeting would be held on the 13th April in the Jallianwala Bagh, in the evening, under the Chairmanship of Lala Kanhya Lal. But Lala Kanhya Lal himself denies having ever been asked or having consented to preside at any such meeting. Actually Lala's name was used to draw large crowd. Hans Raj was the secretary of Satya Graha Sabha being formed by political leaders of Amritsar to protest against the Rowlett Act on 6th April on the call of Mahatma Gandhi.

Look, how the agents of British intelligence entered in the political and social organizations of that time. As Dalip Singh implanted himself successfully in the Anand Bhawan, Hans Raj was implanted in Satya Grah Sabha. Actually Hans Raj had hired many young needy persons to bring maximum people to the site of massacre. Dalip Singh told Mr. Kooner that Udham Singh along with his other companion of orphans House, (Central Yateem Khana, Amritsar) was hired for Rupees One and a half each. Hans Raj suggested Udham Singh to install a Chhabeel (Drinking water stall) at the Jallianwala Bagh That was the reason that Udham Singh was present on the spot at the time of shooting,.

The scene at the shooting place was horrible and that shocked Udham Singh. According to Dalip Singh, Udham Singh searched Hans Raj for many days and one day, at last he found Hans Raj at a lonely place where he was defecating. Udham Singh had a scuffle with him and insisted upon his labor charges to be given, but Hans Raj replied that he would pay whenever he would get the payment from General Dyer. And to save his life from the anger of Udham Singh, Hans Raj told him the whole conspiracy of massacre that was hatched by O'Dwyer, General Dyer, and Lieutenant Colonel Smith, Mr. Kitchin the commissioner of the division and Major Mac Donald. Incidentally all those officers were Irish.

That was the reason that Udham Singh had gone to England to take the revenge of insult being inflicted by the British on Punjabis. General Dyer died natural death well before, the bullet of Udham Singh killed Sir Michael O'Dwyer on 13th March 1940 in the Caxton Hall, London.

Many more secrets were revealed by Dalip Singh to Kulwant Singh Kooner about other Indian Leaders and British Officers but in this book only those would be discussed which are related with our three Martyrs, Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru and Sukhdev. Before coming to those secret, false or true, it is necessary to describe the relationship between Dalip Singh Allahabadi and Kulwant Singh Kooner. But how a committed agent and faithful servant of White men (British) changed his loyalty and collected many secrets at the risk of his life. But he could not reveal in Public due to the fear of being eliminated by the Governments.

SOURCE:

Martyrdom of Shaheed Bhagat Singh - Secrets unfold by an Intelligence Bureau Agent of British-India - by Kulwant Singh Kooner Gurpreet Singh Sindhra